Inhibitors of the interaction between MDM2 and P53

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides compounds of formula (I), their use as an inhibitor of a p53-MDM2 interaction as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds of formula (I) wherein n, m, p, s, t, R 1 , R 2 , A and Z have defined meanings.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the national stage of PCT Application No.PCT/EP2007/052579, filed Mar. 19, 2007, which claims priority fromEuropean Patent Application No. 06111531.7, filed Mar. 22, 2006, andU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/784,780, filed Mar. 22, 2006,the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in theirentirely.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds and compositions containingsaid compounds acting as inhibitors of the interaction between MDM2 andp53. Moreover, the present invention provides processes for thepreparation of the disclosed inhibitors, compositions comprising themand methods of using them, for instance as a medicine.

p53 is a tumour suppressor protein which plays a pivotal role in theregulation of the balance between cell proliferation and cell growtharrest/apoptosis. Under normal conditions the half life of p53 is veryshort and consequently the level of p53 in cells is low. However, inresponse to cellular DNA damage or cellular stress (e.g. oncogeneactivation, telomere erosion, hypoxia), levels of p53 increase. Thisincrease in p53 levels leads to the activation of the transcription of anumber of genes which drives the cell into either growth arrest or intothe processes of apoptosis. Thus, an important function of p53 is toprevent the uncontrolled proliferation of damaged cells and thus protectthe organism from the development of cancer.

MDM2 is a key negative regulator of p53 function. It forms a negativeautoregulatory loop by binding to the amino terminal transactivationdomain of p53 and thus MDM2 both inhibits the ability of p53 to activatetranscription and targets p53 for proteolytic degradation. Under normalconditions this regulatory loop is responsible for maintaining the lowlevels of p53. However, in tumours with wild-type p53, the equilibriumconcentration of active p53 can be increased by antagonising theinteraction between MDM2 and p53. This will result in restoration of thep53-mediated pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in such tumourcells.

MDM2 is a cellular proto-oncogene. Over-expression of MDM2 has beenobserved in a range of cancers. MDM2 is over-expressed in a variety oftumours due to gene amplification or increased transcription ortranslation. The mechanism by which MDM2 amplification promotestumourigenesis is at least in part related to its interaction with p53.In cells over-expressing MDM2 the protective function of p53 is blockedand thus cells are unable to respond to DNA damage or cellular stress byincreasing p53 levels, leading to cell growth arrest and/or apoptosis.Thus after DNA damage and/or cellular stress, cells over-expressing MDM2are free to continue to proliferate and assume a tumorigenic phenotype.Under these conditions disruption of the interaction of p53 and MDM2would release the p53 and thus allow normal signals of growth arrestand/or apoptosis to function.

MDM2 may also have separate functions in addition to inhibition of p53.For example, it has been shown that MDM2 interacts directly with thepRb-regulated transcription factor E2F1/DP1. This interaction could becrucial for the p53-independent oncogenic activities of MDM2. A domainof E2F1 shows striking similarity to the MDM2-binding domain of p53.Since the interactions of MDM2 with both p53 and E2F1 locate to the samebinding site on MDM2, it can be expected that MDM2/p53 antagonists willnot only activate cellular p53 but also modulate E2F1 activities, whichare commonly deregulated in tumour cells.

Also the therapeutic effectiveness of DNA damaging agents currently used(chemotherapy and radiotherapy), may be limited through the negativeregulation of p53 by MDM2. Thus if the MDM2 feed-back inhibition of p53is interrupted, an increase in functional p53 levels will increase thetherapeutic effectiveness of such agents by restoring the wild-type p53function that leads to apoptosis and/or reversing of p53-associated drugresistance. It was demonstrated that combining MDM2 inhibition andDNA-damaging treatments in vivo led to synergistic anti-tumour effects(Vousden K. H., Cell, Vol. 103, 691-694, 2000).

Thus disruption of the interaction of MDM2 and p53 offers an approachfor therapeutic intervention in tumours with wild-type p53, might evenexhibit anti-proliferative effects in tumour cells that are devoid offunctional p53 and furthermore can sensitise tumorigenic cells forchemotherapy and radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

JP 11130750, published on 18 May 1999, describes amongst others,substituted phenylaminocarbonylindolyl derivatives as 5-HT receptorantagonists. EP1129074, published on 18 May 2000, describes anthranilicacid amides as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factorreceptors (VEGFR) and useful in the treatment of angiogenic disorders.

EP1317443, published on 21 Mar. 2002, discloses tricyclic tert-aminederivatives, useful as chemokine receptor CXCR4 or CCR5 modulators fortreating human immunodeficiency virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.

EP1379239, published on 10 Oct. 2002, disclosesN-(2-arylethyl)benzylamines as antagonists of the 5-HT₆ receptor.

WO00/15357, published on 23 Mar. 2000, provides piperazine-4-phenylderivatives as inhibitors of the interaction between MDM2 and p53.EP1137418, published on 8 Jun. 2000, provides tricyclic compounds forrestoring conformational stability of a protein of the p53 family.

EP1443937, published on 22 May 2003, describes substituted1,4-benzodiazepines and the uses thereof as inhibitors of the MDM2-p53interactions.

EP1458380, published on 26 Jun. 2003, providescis-2,4,5-triphenyl-imidazolones that inhibit the interaction of MDM2protein with p53-like peptides and have antiproliferative activity.

EP1519932, published on 15 Jan. 2004, discloses bisarylsulfonamidecompounds that bind to MDM2 and can be used in cancer therapy.

There continues to be a need for effective and potent small moleculesthat inhibit the interactions between MDM2 and p53.

The compounds of the present invention differs from the prior art instructure, in their pharmacological activity and/or in pharmacologicalpotency.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides compounds, compositions for, and methodsof, inhibiting the interactions between MDM2 and p53 for treatingcancer. Furthermore the compounds and compositions of the presentinvention are useful in enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy andradiotherapy.

This invention concerns compounds of formula (I)

a N-oxide form, an addition salt or a stereochemically isomeric formthereof, wherein

-   m is 0, 1, or 2 and when m is 0 then a direct bond is intended;-   n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and when n is 0 then a direct bond is intended;-   p is 0, or 1 and when p is 0 then a direct bond is intended;-   s is 0, or 1 and when s is 0 then a direct bond is intended;-   t is 0 or 1 and when t is 0 then a direct bond is intended;-   R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl,    C₁₋₆alkyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenylthio,    hydroxyC₁₋₆alkylcaibonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl substituted with a substituent    selected from amino, aryl and heteroaryl; or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl    substituted with a substituent selected from amino, aryl and    heteroaryl;-   A is a radical selected from

wherein

-   R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen, halo,    C₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano, cyanoC₁₋₆alkyl,    hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxy,    -   C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, methylsulfonylamino, aryl or heteroaryl;-   Z is a radical selected from

-   -   wherein    -   R⁶ or R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen, halo,        hydroxy, amino, C₁₋₆alkyl, nitro, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano,        cyanoC₁₋₆alkyl, tetrazoloC₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl,        arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl, aryl(hydroxy)C₁₋₆alkyl,        heteroaryl(hydroxy)C₁₋₆alkyl, arylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl,        C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, arylC₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl,        heteroarylC₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy,        C₃₋₇cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl(hydroxy)C₁₋₆alkyl,        arylC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl,        C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl,        C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl,        hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₂₋₆alkenyl        C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl,        C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyloxy, aminocarbonyl, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl,        aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl and        —(CH₂)_(v)—(C(═O)_(r))—(CHR¹⁰)_(u)—NR⁸R⁹; wherein        -   v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and when v is 0 then a direct            bond is intended;        -   r is 0, or 1 and when r is 0 then a direct bond is intended;        -   u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and when u is 0 then a direct            bond is intended;        -   R¹⁰ is hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyl;        -   R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently selected from hydrogen,            C₁₋₁₂alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl,            arylC₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl,            -   C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylcarbonyl,                —(CH₂)_(k)—NR¹¹R¹², C₁₋₁₂alkyl substituted with a                substituent selected from hydroxy, hydroxycarbonyl,                cyano,            -   C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl or heteroaryl;                or            -   C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with a substituent selected                from hydroxy,            -   C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl, amino, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heteroaryl or                heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl; or        -   R⁸ and R⁹ together with the nitrogen to which they are            attached can optionally form a morpholinyl, piperidinyl,            pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or piperazinyl substituted with a            substituent selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl,            arylC₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl,            C₃₋₇cycloalkyl and C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₆alkyl; wherein            -   k is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and when k is 0 then a                direct bond is intended;                -   R¹¹ and R¹² are each independently selected from                    hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl,                    C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₁₋₁₂alkyl substituted with a                    substituent selected from hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy,                    aryl, and heteroaryl; and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted                    with a substituent selected from hydroxy,                    C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heteroaryl, and                    heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl; or                -   R¹¹ and R¹² together with the nitrogen to which they                    are attached can optionally form a morpholinyl, a                    piperazinyl or a piperazinyl substituted with                    C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl;                    aryl is phenyl or naphthalenyl;

-   each phenyl or naphthalenyl can optionally be substituted with one,    two or three substituents each independently selected from halo,    hydroxy, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyl, amino, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl and    C₁₋₆alkyloxy; and

-   each phenyl or naphthalenyl can optionally be substituted with a    bivalent radical selected from methylenedioxy and ethylenedioxy;

-   heteroaryl is pyridinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, furanyl,    thienyl, oxadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl or tetrahydrofuranyl;

-   each pyridinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thienyl,    oxadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl can    optionally be substituted with one, two or three substituents each    independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, amino,    polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxy; and

-   each pyridinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thienyl,    benzofuranyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl can optionally be substituted    with a bivalent radical selected from methylenedioxy or    ethylenedioxy.

The compounds of formula (I) may also exist in their tautomeric forms.Such forms although not explicitly indicated in the above formula areintended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

A number of terms used in the foregoing definitions and hereinafter areexplained hereunder. These terms are sometimes used as such or incomposite terms.

As used in the foregoing definitions and hereinafter, halo is generic tofluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; C₁₋₆alkyl defines straight and branchedchain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbon atomssuch as, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl,1-methylethyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-butyl, 2-methylpentyl and thelike; hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl defines a hydroxy substituent on straight andbranched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 6 carbonatoms; trihalomethyl defines methyl containing three identical ordifferent halo substituents for example trifluoromethyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkylincludes cyclic hydrocarbon groups having from 3 to 10 carbons, such ascyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl,cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.

The term “addition salt” comprises the salts which the compounds offormula (I) are able to form with organic or inorganic bases such asamines, alkali metal bases and earth alkaline metal bases, or quaternaryammonium bases, or with organic or inorganic acids, such as mineralacids, sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids or phosphorus containing acids.

The term “addition salt” further comprises pharmaceutically acceptablesalts, metal complexes and solvates and the salts thereof, that thecompounds of formula (I) are able to form.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” means pharmaceuticallyacceptable acid or base addition salts. The pharmaceutically acceptableacid or base addition salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant tocomprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and non-toxic baseaddition salt forms which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form.The compounds of formula (I) which have basic properties can beconverted in their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts bytreating said base form with an appropriate acid. Appropriate acidscomprise, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g.hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid; sulfuric; nitric; phosphoric and thelike acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic,hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succinic (i.e.butanedioic acid), maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric,methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic,cyclamic, salicylic, p-aminosalicylic, pamoic and the like acids.

The compounds of formula (I) which have acidic properties may beconverted in their pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts bytreating said acid form with a suitable organic or inorganic base.Appropriate base salt forms comprise, for example, the ammonium salts,the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium,potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organicbases, e.g. the benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, hydrabamine salts, andsalts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and thelike.

The terms acid or base addition salt also comprise the hydrates and thesolvent addition forms which the compounds of formula (I) are able toform. Examples of such forms are e.g. hydrates, alcoholates and thelike.

The term “metal complexes” means a complex formed between a compound offormula (I) and one or more organic or inorganic metal salt or salts.Examples of said organic or inorganic salts comprise the halogenides,nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, acetates, trifluoroacetates,trichloroacetates, propionates, tartrates, sulfonates, e.g.methylsulfonates, 4-methylphenylsulfonates, salicylates, benzoates andthe like of the metals of the second main group of the periodicalsystem, e.g. the magnesium or calcium salts, of the third or fourth maingroup, e.g. aluminium, tin, lead as well as the first to the eighthtransition groups of the periodical system such as, for example,chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and the like.

The term “stereochemically isomeric forms of compounds of formula (I)”,as used hereinbefore, defines all possible compounds made up of the sameatoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having differentthree-dimensional structures which are not interchangeable, which thecompounds of formula (I) may possess. Unless otherwise mentioned orindicated, the chemical designation of a compound encompasses themixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms which saidcompound may possess. Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/orenantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound. Allstereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) both inpure form or in admixture with each other are intended to be embracedwithin the scope of the present invention.

Of special interest are those compounds of formula (I) which arestereochemically pure.

Pure stereoisomeric forms of the compounds and intermediates asmentioned herein are defined as isomers substantially free of otherenantiomeric or diastereomeric forms of the same basic molecularstructure of said compounds or intermediates. In particular, the term“stereoisomerically pure” concerns compounds or intermediates having astereoisomeric excess of at least 80% (i.e. minimum 90% of one isomerand maximum 10% of the other possible isomers) up to a stereoisomericexcess of 100% (i.e. 100% of one isomer and none of the other), more inparticular, compounds or intermediates having a stereoisomeric excess of90% up to 100%, even more in particular having a stereoisomeric excessof 94% up to 100% and most in particular having a stereoisomeric excessof 97% up to 100%. The terms “enantiomerically pure” and“diastereomerically pure” should be understood in a similar way, butthen having regard to the enantiomeric excess, respectively thediastereomeric excess of the mixture in question.

The tautomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) are meant tocomprise those compounds of formula (I) wherein e.g. an enol group isconverted into a keto group (keto-enol tautomerism).

The N-oxide forms of the compounds of formula (I) are meant to comprisethose compounds of formula (I) wherein one or several nitrogen atoms areoxidized to the so-called N-oxide, particularly those N-oxides whereinone or more of the piperidine-, piperazine or pyridazinyl-nitrogens areN-oxidized.

The compounds of formula (I) may be converted to the corresponding

N-oxide forms following art-known procedures for converting a trivalentnitrogen into its N-oxide form. Said N-oxidation reaction may generallybe carried out by reacting the starting material of formula (I) with anappropriate organic or inorganic peroxide. Appropriate inorganicperoxides comprise, for example, hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal orearth alkaline metal peroxides, e.g. sodium peroxide, potassiumperoxide; appropriate organic peroxides may comprise peroxy acids suchas, for example, benzenecarboperoxoic acid or halo substitutedbenzenecarboperoxoic acid, e.g. 3-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoic acid,peroxoalkanoic acids, e.g. peroxoacetic acid, alkylhydroperoxides, e.g.t-butyl hydro-peroxide. Suitable solvents are, for example, water, loweralcohols, e.g. ethanol and the like, hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene,ketones, e.g. 2-butanone, halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g.dichloromethane, and mixtures of such solvents.

The present invention is also intended to include any isotopes of atomspresent in the compounds of the invention. For example, isotopes ofhydrogen include tritium and deuterium and isotopes of carbon includeC-13 and C-14.

Whenever used hereinafter, the term “compounds of formula (I)” is meantto include also the N-oxide forms, the pharmaceutically acceptable acidor base addition salts and all stereoisomeric forms.

A first group of interesting compounds consists of those compounds offormula (I) wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply:

-   a) m is 0;-   b) n is 0 or 2;-   c) p is 1;-   d) s is 0;-   e) t is 0;-   f) R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen;-   g) A is a radical selected from (a-15), (a-21), (a-30), (a-39) or    (a-40);-   h) R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen or    C₁₋₆alkyloxy;-   i) Z is the radical (b-2); or-   j) R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen.

A second group of interesting compounds consists of those compounds offormula (I) and those compounds of the above described group wherein oneor more of the following restrictions apply:

-   a) m is 0;-   b) n is 2;-   c) p is 1;-   d) s is 0;-   e) t is 0;-   f) R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen;-   g) A is a radical selected from (a-21), (a-39) or (a-40);-   h) R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen or    C₁₋₆alkyloxy;-   i) Z is the radical (b-2); or-   j) R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen.

A group of preferred compounds consists of those compounds of formula(I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein m is 0; n is 0 or 2; p is 1; s is0; t is 0; R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen; A is a radicalselected from (a-15), (a-21), (a-30), (a-39) or (a-40); R⁴ and R⁵ areeach independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyloxy; Z is theradical (b-2); or R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected fromhydrogen.

A group of more preferred compounds consists of those compounds offormula (I) or any subgroup thereof wherein m is 0; n is 2; p is 1; s is0; t is 0; R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen; A is a radicalselected from (a-21), (a-39) or (a-40); R⁴ and R⁵ are each independentlyselected from hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyloxy; Z is the radical (b-2); or R⁶and R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen.

The most preferred compounds are compound No. 2, compound No. 3 orcompound No. 5.

The compounds of formula (I), their pharmaceutically acceptable saltsand N-oxides and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof may be preparedin conventional manner. The starting materials and some of theintermediates are known compounds and are commercially available or maybe prepared according to conventional reaction procedures as generallyknown in the art.

A number of such preparation methods will be described hereinafter inmore detail. Other methods for obtaining final compounds of formula (I)are described in the examples.

The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by reacting an intermediateof formula (II) with an intermediate of formula (III) wherein W is anappropriate leaving group such as, for example, halo, e.g. fluoro,chloro, bromo or iodo, or a sulfonyloxy radical such asmethylsulfonyloxy, 4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy and the like. The reactioncan be performed in a reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, analcohol, e.g. methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxy-ethanol, propanol, butanoland the like; an ether, e.g. 4,4-dioxane, 1,1′-oxybispropane and thelike; a ketone, e.g. 4-methyl-2-pentanone; or N,N-dimethylformamide,nitrobenzene, acetonitrile, acetic acid and the like. The addition of anappropriate base such as, for example, an alkali or earth alkaline metalcarbonate or hydrogen carbonate, e.g. triethylamine or sodium carbonate,may be utilized to pick up the acid which is liberated during the courseof the reaction. A small amount of an appropriate metal iodide, e.g.,sodium or potassium iodide may be added to promote the reaction.Stirring may enhance the rate of the reaction. The reaction mayconveniently be carried out at a temperature ranging between roomtemperature and the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture and, ifdesired, the reaction may be carried out at an increased pressure.

The compounds of formula (I), wherein p is 1, herein referred to ascompounds of formula (I-a) can be prepared by converting intermediatesof formula (IV) with lithium aluminium hydride in a suitable solventsuch as tetrahydrofuran.

The compounds of formula (I-a) can also be prepared by reacting anappropriate carboxaldehyde of formula (VI), with an intermediate offormula (V), in the presence of an appropriate reagent, such as a sodiumborohydride e.g. sodium tetrahydroborate or polymer supportedcyanotrihydroborate, in a suitable solvent, such as an alcohol e.g.methanol.

In an identical way the compounds of formula (I), wherein t is 1, hereinreferred to as compounds of formula (I-b), can be prepared by reactingan intermediate of formula (II) with an appropriate carboxaldehyde offormula (VII).

The compounds of formula (I), wherein s is 1, herein referred to ascompounds of formula (I-c), can be prepared by reacting an intermediateof formula (VIII) with lithium aluminium hydride in a suitable solventsuch as tetrahydrofuran.

The compounds of formula (I) or their intermediates may also beconverted into each other via art-known reactions or functional grouptransformations. A number of such transformations are already describedhereinabove. Other examples are hydrolysis of carboxylic esters to thecorresponding carboxylic acid or alcohol; hydrolysis of amides to thecorresponding carboxylic acids or amines; hydrolysis of nitrites to thecorresponding amides; amino groups on imidazole or phenyl may bereplaced by a hydrogen by art-known diazotation reactions and subsequentreplacement of the diazo-group by hydrogen; alcohols may be convertedinto esters and ethers; primary amines may be converted into secondaryor tertiary amines; double bonds may be hydrogenated to thecorresponding single bond; an iodo radical on a phenyl group may beconverted in to an ester group by carbon monoxide insertion in thepresence of a suitable palladium catalyst.

Intermediates of formula (II), wherein m is 0 and s is 0, hereinreferred to as intermediates of formula (II-a), can be prepared by anitro to amine reduction reaction starting with an intermediate offormula (IX), in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Raney Nickeland an appropriate reductant such as hydrogen, in a suitable solventsuch as methanol or ethanol.

Intermediates of formula (X), wherein s is 0, can be prepared byreacting an intermediate of formula (XI) with an intermediate of formula(XII) in the presence of appropriate reagents such asN′-(ethylcarbonimidoyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine,monohydrochloride (EDC) and 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole (HOBT). Thereaction may be performed in the presence of a base such astriethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as, a mixture ofdichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran.

The intermediates of formula (VI) can be prepared by reactingintermediates of formula (XIII) with lithium aluminium hydride in asuitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.

The intermediates of formula (VIII) can be prepared by reacting anintermediate of formula (XIV) with an intermediate of formula (XV) inthe presence of 2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide and triethylamine ina suitable solvent such as acetonitrile.

The intermediates of formula (IX), wherein p is 1, herein referred to asintermediates of formula (IX-a), can be prepared by treating anintermediate of formula (XVI) with an intermediate of formula (XVID),wherein Q is an appropriate leaving group such as, for example, halo,e.g. fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, or

C₁₋₆alkyloxy, e.g. methyloxy, in diisopropylethyl amine.

The intermediates of formula (XIV) can be prepared by converting anintermediate of formula (XVIII) in the presence of sodium hydroxide andwater, in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol.

The intermediates of formula (XVIII), wherein m is 0, herein referred toas intermediates of formula (XVIII-a), can be prepared by reacting anintermediate of formula (XVI), with an intermediate of formula (XIX),wherein Q is as defined above, in a suitable solvent such asdiisopropylethyl amine.

The intermediates of formula (V) wherein m, n and s are 0, hereinreferred to as intermediates of formula (V-a), can be prepared byconverting an intermediate of formula (XX) with hydrochloride solution.

The intermediates of formula (XX) can be prepared by reacting anintermediate of formula (XXI) with an intermediate of formula (III)wherein W is an appropriate leaving group such as, for example, halo.The reaction can be performed in a reaction-inert solvent such as, forexample acetic acid.

The compounds of formula (I) and some of the intermediates may have atleast one stereogenic centre in their structure. Such stereogenic centremay be present in an R or an S configuration.

Some of the compounds of formula (I) and some of the intermediates inthe present invention may contain an asymmetric carbon atom. Purestereochemically isomeric forms of said compounds and said intermediatescan be obtained by the application of art-known procedures. For example,diastereoisomers can be separated by physical methods such as selectivecrystallization or chromatographic techniques, e.g. counter currentdistribution, liquid chromatography and the like methods. Enantiomerscan be obtained from racemic mixtures by first converting said racemicmixtures with suitable resolving agents such as, for example, chiralacids, to mixtures of diastereomeric salts or compounds; then physicallyseparating said mixtures of diastereomeric salts or compounds by, forexample, selective crystallization, supercritical fluid chromatographyor chromatographic techniques, e.g. liquid chromatography and the likemethods; and finally converting said separated diastereomeric salts orcompounds into the corresponding enantiomers. Pure stereochemicallyisomeric forms may also be obtained from the pure stereochemicallyisomeric forms of the appropriate intermediates and starting materials,provided that the intervening reactions occur stereospecifically.

The compounds of formula (I), the pharmaceutically acceptable acidaddition salts and stereoisomeric forms thereof have valuablepharmacological properties in that they inhibit the interaction betweenp53 and MDM2.

The term “MDM2” is used herein to mean a protein obtained as a result ofexpression of the mdm2 gene. Within the meaning of this term, MDM2encompass all proteins encoded by mdm2, mutants thereof, alternativeslice proteins thereof, and phosphorylated proteins thereof.Additionally, as used herein, the term “MDM2” includes MDM2 analogues,e.g. MDMX, also known as MDM4, and MDM2 homologues and analogues ofother animals, e.g. the human homologue HDM2 or the human analogue HDMX.

The term “inhibiting the interaction” or “inhibitor of the interaction”is used herein to mean preventing or reducing the direct of indirectassociation of one or more molecules, peptides, proteins, enzymes orreceptors; or preventing or reducing the normal activity of one or moremolecules, peptides, proteins, enzymes, or receptors.

The term “inhibitor of the interaction of p53 with MDM2” or “p53-MDM2inhibitor” is used herein to describe an agent which increases theexpression of p53 in the assay described in C.1. This increase may becaused by, but is not limited to, one or more of the followingmechanisms of action:

-   -   inhibiting the interaction between p53 and MDM2,    -   direct association with either the MDM2 or the p53 protein,    -   interactions with upstream or downstream targets, e.g. kinases,        or enzyme activities involved in ubiquitination or SUMO        modification,    -   sequestering or transportation of MDM2 and p53 into different        cellular compartments,    -   modulation of proteins associating with MDM2, for example (but        not limited to), p73, E2F-1, Rb, p21waf1 or cip1,    -   downregulating or interference with MDM2 expression and/or NMM2        activity, for example (but not limited to), impacting on its        cellular localisation, post-translational modification, nuclear        export or ubiquitin ligase activity,    -   direct or indirect stabilization of the p53 protein, e.g. by        keeping it in its functional structural form, or by preventing        misfolding,    -   enhancing p53 expression or expression of p53 family members,        e.g. p63 and p73.    -   increasing p53 activity, for example by (but not limited to),        enhancing its transcriptional activity and/or    -   increasing expression of genes and proteins of the        p53-signalling pathway, for example (but not limited to)        p21waf1, cip1, MIC-1 (GDF-15), PIG-3 and ATF-3.

Hence, the present invention discloses the compounds of formula (I) foruse as a medicine.

Furthermore, the invention also concerns the use of a compound for themanufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disorder mediatedthrough a p53-MDM2 interaction, wherein said compound is a compound offormula (I)

The term “treating” or “treatment” as used herein covers any treatmentof a disease and/or condition in an animal, particularly a human, andincludes: (i) preventing a disease and/or condition from occurring in asubject which may be predisposed to the disease and/or condition but hasnot yet been diagnosed as having it; (ii) inhibiting the disease and/orcondition, i.e., arresting its development; (iii) relieving the diseaseand/or condition, i.e., causing regression of the disease and/orcondition.

With the term “a disorder mediated through a p53-MDM2 interaction” ismeant any undesired or detrimental condition that results in or from theinhibition of the interaction between the MDM2 protein and p53 or othercellular proteins that induce apoptosis, induce cellular death, orregulate the cell cycle.

This invention also provides a method for treating a disorder mediatedthrough a p53-MDM2 interaction by administering an effective amount of acompound of the present invention, to a subject, e.g. a mammal (and moreparticularly a human) in need of such treatment.

The compounds of the invention can have antiproliferative effects intumour cells, even if such cells are devoid of functional p53. More inparticular, the compounds of the invention can have antiproliferativeeffects in tumours with wild-type p53 and/or in tumours overexpressingMDM2.

Thus, this invention also provides a method for inhibiting tumour growthby administering an effective amount of a compound of the presentinvention, to a subject, e.g. a mammal (and more particularly a human)in need of such treatment.

Examples of tumours which may be inhibited, but are not limited to, lungcancer (e.g. adenocarcinoma and including non-small cell lung cancer),pancreatic cancers (e.g. pancreatic carcinoma such as, for exampleexocrine pancreatic carcinoma), colon cancers (e.g. colorectalcarcinomas, such as, for example, colon adenocarcinoma and colonadenoma), oesophageal cancer, oral squamous carcinoma, tongue carcinoma,gastric carcinoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, hematopoietic tumours oflymphoid lineage (e.g. acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma,Burkitt's lymphoma), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, myeloidleukemias (for example, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)), thyroidfollicular cancer, myelodysplastic syndrome (MD S), tumours ofmesenchymal origin (e.g. fibrosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas),melanomas, teratocarcinomas, neuroblastomas, brain tumors, gliomas,benign tumour of the skin (e.g. keratoacanthomas), breast carcinoma(e.g. advanced breast cancer), kidney carcinoma, ovary carcinoma,cervical carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, prostatecancer including the advanced disease, testicular cancers, osteosarcoma,head and neck cancer and epidermal carcinoma.

The compounds of the present invention can also be used for thetreatment and prevention of inflammatory conditions.

Thus, this invention also provides a method for the treatment andprevention of inflammatory conditions by administering an effectiveamount of a compound of the present invention, to a subject, e.g. amammal (and more particularly a human) in need of such treatment.

The compounds of the present invention can also be used for thetreatment of autoimmune diseases and conditions. With the term“autoimmune diseases” is meant any disease in which an animal's immunesystem reacts adversely to a self-antigen. With the term “self-antigen”is meant any antigen that is normally found in the animal's body.Representative autoimmune diseases include but are not limited to:Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Grave's disease, multiple sclerosis, perniciousanemia, Addison's disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus),dermatomyositis, Crohn's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, AntiGlomerular Basement Membrane Disease, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, 25Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Allergic Encephalomyelitis,Glomerulonephritis, Membranous Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture Syndrome,Lambert-Eaton, Myasthenic Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, BullousPemphigoid, Polyendocrinopathies, Reiter's Disease, and Stiff-ManSyndrome.

Thus, this invention also provides a method for the treatment ofautoimmune diseases and conditions and the treatment of diseasesassociated with conformational unstable or misfolded proteins byadministering an effective amount of a compound of the presentinvention, to a subject, e.g. a mammal (and more particularly a human)in need of such treatment.

The compounds of the present invention can also be useful for thetreatment of diseases associated with conformational unstable ormisfolded proteins.

Examples of diseases associated with conformational unstable ormisfolded proteins include but are not limited to: cystic fibrosis(CFTR), Marfan syndrome (fibrillin), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(superoxide dismutase), scurvy (collagen), maple syrup urine disease(alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex), osteogenesis imperfecta (typelprocollagen pro-alpha), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (prion), Alzheimer'sdisease (beta-amyloid), familial amyloidosis (lysozyme), cataracts(crystallins), familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor), αI-antitrypsin deficiency, Tay-Sachs disease (beta-hexosaminidase),retinitis pigmentosa (rhodopsin), and loprechaunism (insulin receptor).

Thus, this invention also provides a method for the treatment ofdiseases associated with conformational unstable or misfolded proteinsby administering an effective amount of a compound of the presentinvention, to a subject, e.g. a mammal (and more particularly a human)in need of such treatment.

In view of their useful pharmacological properties, the subjectcompounds may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms foradministration purposes.

To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention, aneffective amount of a particular compound, in base or acid addition saltform, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a widevariety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired foradministration. These pharmaceutical compositions are desirably inunitary dosage form suitable, preferably, for administration orally,rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection. For example, inpreparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any of the usualpharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water,glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquidpreparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs and solutions; orsolid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders,disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills,capsules and tablets.

Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules representthe most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solidpharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. For parenteralcompositions, the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at leastin large part, though other ingredients, to aid solubility for example,may be included. Injectable solutions, for example, may be prepared inwhich the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or amixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may alsobe prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agentsand the like may be employed. In the compositions suitable forpercutaneous administration, the carrier optionally comprises apenetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionallycombined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions,which additives do not cause a significant deleterious effect to theskin. Said additives may facilitate the administration to the skinand/or may be helpful for preparing the desired compositions. Thesecompositions may be administered in various ways, e.g., as a transdermalpatch, as a spot-on, as an ointment. It is especially advantageous toformulate the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions in dosage unitform for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unitform as used in the specification and claims herein refers to physicallydiscrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing apredetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce thedesired therapeutic effect in association with the requiredpharmaceutical carrier. Examples of such dosage unit forms are tablets(including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, powder packets,wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions, teaspoonfuls,tablespoonfuls and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.

It is especially advantageous to formulate the aforementionedpharmaceutical compositions in dosage unit form for ease ofadministration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used in thespecification and claims herein refers to physically discrete unitssuitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predeterminedquantity of active ingredient, calculated to produce the desiredtherapeutic effect, in association with the required pharmaceuticalcarrier. Examples of such dosage unit forms are tablets (includingscored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, powder packets, wafers,injectable solutions or suspensions, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls andthe like, and segregated multiples thereof.

The compound of the invention is administered in an amount sufficient toinhibit the interaction between MDM2 and p53 or other cellular proteinsthat induce apoptosis, induce cellular death, or regulate the cellcycle.

The oncogenic potential of MDM2 is not only determined by its ability tosuppress p53, but also by its ability to regulate other tumoursuppressor proteins, e.g. the retinoblastoma protein pRb and the closelyassociated E2F1 transcription factor.

Thus, the compound of the invention is administered in an amountsufficient to modulate the interaction between MDM2 and the E2Ftranscription factors.

Those skilled in the art could easily determine the effective amountfrom the test results presented hereinafter. In general it iscontemplated that a therapeutically effective amount would be from 0.005mg/kg to 100 mg/kg body weight, and in particular from 0.005 mg/kg to 10mg/kg body weight. It may be appropriate to administer the required doseas single, two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervalsthroughout the day. Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosageforms, for example, containing 0.5 to 500 mg, and in particular 10 mg to500 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.

As another aspect of the present invention, a combination of a p53-MDM2inhibitor with another anticancer agent is envisaged, especially for useas a medicine, more specifically in the treatment of cancer or relateddiseases.

For the treatment of the above conditions, the compounds of theinvention may be advantageously employed in combination with one or moreother medicinal agents, more particularly, with other anti-canceragents. Examples of anti-cancer agents include but are not limited to:

-   -   platinum coordination compounds for example cisplatin,        carboplatin or oxalyplatin;    -   taxane compounds for example paclitaxel or docetaxel;    -   topoisomerase I inhibitors such as camptothecin compounds for        example irinotecan or topotecan;    -   topoisomerase II inhibitors such as anti-tumour        epipodophyllotoxins or podophyllotoxin derivatives for example        etoposide or teniposide;    -   anti-tumour vinca alkaloids for example vinblastine, vincristine        or vinorelbine;    -   anti-tumour nucleoside derivatives for example 5-fluorouracil,        leucovorin, gemcitabine or capecitabine;    -   alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustard or nitrosourea for        example cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, thiotepa,        mephalan or lomustine;    -   anti-tumour anthracycline derivatives for example daunorubicin,        doxorubicin, doxil, idarubicin or mitoxantrone;    -   molecules that target the IGF-1 receptor for example        picropodophilin;    -   tetracarein derivatives for example tetrocarcin A;    -   glucocorticoiden for example prednisone;    -   antibodies for example trastuzumab (HER2 antibody), rituximab        (CD20 antibody), gemtuzamab, cetuximab, pertuzumab or        bevacizumab;    -   estrogen receptor antagonists or selective estrogen receptor        modulators for example tamoxifen, fulvestrant, toremifene,        droloxifene, faslodex or raloxifene;    -   aromatase inhibitors such as exemestane, anastrozole, letrazole        and vorozole;    -   differentiating agents such as retinoids, vitamin D or retinoic        acid and retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBA) for        example accutane;    -   DNA methyl transferase inhibitors for example azacytidine or        decitabine;    -   antifolates for example premetrexed disodium;    -   antibiotics for example antinomycin D, bleomycin, mitomycin C,        dactinomycin, caminomycin or daunomycin;    -   antimetabolites for example chlofarabine, aminopterin, cytosine        arabinoside or methotrexate;    -   apoptosis inducing agents and antiangiogenic agents such as        Bcl-2 inhibitors for example YC 137, BH 312, ABT 737, gossypol        HA 14-1, TW 37 or decanoic acid;    -   tubuline-binding agents for example combrestatin, colchicines or        nocodazole;    -   kinase inhibitors for example flavoperidol, imatinib mesylate,        erlotinib or gefitinib;    -   farnesyltransferase inhibitors for example tipifarnib;    -   histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for example sodium        butyrate, suberoylanilide hydroxamide acid (SAHA), depsipeptide        (FR 901228), NVP-LAQ824, R306465, JNJ-26481585 or trichostatin        A;    -   Inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for example        PS-341, MLN 0.41 or bortezomib;    -   Yondelis;    -   Telomerase inhibitors for example telomestatin;    -   Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for example batimastat,        marimastat, prinostat or metastat.

As stated above, the compounds of the present invention also havetherapeutic applications in sensitising tumour cells for chemotherapyand radiotherapy.

Hence the compounds of the present invention can be used as“radiosensitizer” and/or “chemosensitizer” or can be given incombination with another “radiosensitizer” and/or “chemosensitizer”.

The term “radiosensitizer”, as used herein, is defined as a molecule,preferably a low molecular weight molecule, administered to animals intherapeutically effective amounts to increase the sensitivity of thecells to ionizing radiation and/or to promote the treatment of diseaseswhich are treatable with ionizing radiation.

The term “chemosensitizer”, as used herein, is defined as a molecule,preferably a low molecular weight molecule, administered to animals intherapeutically effective amounts to increase the sensitivity of cellsto chemotherapy and/or promote the treatment of diseases which aretreatable with chemotherapeutics.

Several mechanisms for the mode of action of radiosensitizers have beensuggested in the literature including: hypoxic cell radiosensitizers(e.g., 2-nitroimidazole compounds, and benzotriazine dioxide compounds)mimicking oxygen or alternatively behave like bioreductive agents underhypoxia; non-hypoxic cell radiosensitizers (e.g., halogenatedpyrimidines) can be analogoues of DNA bases and preferentiallyincorporate into the DNA of cancer cells and thereby promote theradiation-induced breaking of DNA molecules and/or prevent the normalDNA repair mechanisms; and various other potential mechanisms of actionhave been hypothesized for radiosensitizers in the treatment of disease.

Many cancer treatment protocols currently employ radiosensitizers inconjunction with radiation of x-rays. Examples of x-ray activatedradiosensitizers include, but are not limited to, the following:metronidazole, misonidazole, desmethylmisonidazole, pimonidazole,etanidazole, nimorazole, mitomycin C, RSU 1069, SR 4233, EO 9, RB 6145,nicotinamide, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR),bromodeoxycytidine, fluorodeoxyuridine (FudR), hydroxyurea, cisplatin,and therapeutically effective analogs and derivatives of the same.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers employs visible light as theradiation activator of the sensitizing agent. Examples of photodynamicradiosensitizers include the following, but are not limited to:hematoporphyrin derivatives, Photofrin, benzoporphyrin derivatives, tinetioporphyrin, pheoborbide-a, bacteriochlorophyll-a, naphthalocyanines,phthalocyanines, zinc phthalocyanine, and therapeutically effectiveanalogs and derivatives of the same.

Radiosensitizers may be administered in conjunction with atherapeutically effective amount of one or more other compounds,including but not limited to: compounds which promote the incorporationof radiosensitizers to the target cells; compounds which control theflow of therapeutics, nutrients, and/or oxygen to the target cells;chemotherapeutic agents which act on the tumour with or withoutadditional radiation; or other therapeutically effective compounds fortreating cancer or other disease.

Chemosensitizers may be administered in conjunction with atherapeutically effective amount of one or more other compounds,including but not limited to: compounds which promote the incorporationof chemosensitizers to the target cells; compounds which control theflow of therapeutics, nutrients, and/or oxygen to the target cells;chemotherapeutic agents which act on the tumour or other therapeuticallyeffective compounds for treating cancer or other disease. Calciumantagonist, for example verapamil, are found useful in combination withantineoplastic agents to establish chemosensitivity in tumor cellsresistant to accepted chemotherapeutic agents and to potentiate theefficacy of such compounds in drug-sensitive malignancies.

In view of their useful pharmacological properties, the components ofthe combinations according to the invention, i.e. the other medicinalagent and the p53-MDM inhibitor may be formulated into variouspharmaceutical forms for administration purposes. The components may beformulated separately in individual pharmaceutical compositions or in aunitary pharmaceutical composition containing both components.

The present invention therefore also relates to a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising the other medicinal agent and the p53-MDMinhibitor together with one or more pharmaceutical carriers.

The present invention further relates to the use of a combinationaccording to the invention in the manufacture of a pharmaceuticalcomposition for inhibiting the growth of tumour cells.

The present invention further relates to a product containing as firstactive ingredient a p53-MDM2 inhibitor according to the invention and assecond active ingredient an anticancer agents as a combined preparationfor simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment ofpatients suffering from cancer.

The other medicinal agent and p53-MDM2 inhibitor may be administeredsimultaneously (e.g. in separate or unitary compositions) orsequentially in either order. In the latter case, the two compounds willbe administered within a period and in an amount and manner that issufficient to ensure that an advantageous or synergistic effect isachieved. It will be appreciated that the preferred method and order ofadministration and the respective dosage amounts and regimes for eachcomponent of the combination will depend on the particular othermedicinal agent and p53-MDM2 inhibitor being administered, their routeof administration, the particular tumour being treated and theparticular host being treated. The optimum method and order ofadministration and the dosage amounts and regime can be readilydetermined by those skilled in the art using conventional methods and inview of the information set out herein.

The platinum coordination compound is advantageously administered in adosage of 1 to 500 mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surface area, forexample 50 to 400 mg/m², particularly for cisplatin in a dosage of about75 mg/m² and for carboplatin in about 300 mg/m² per course of treatment.

The taxane compound is advantageously administered in a dosage of 50 to400 mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surface area, for example 75 to250 mg/m², particularly for paclitaxel in a dosage of about 175 to 250mg/m² and for docetaxel in about 75 to 150 mg/m² per course oftreatment.

The camptothecin compound is advantageously administered in a dosage of0.1 to 400 mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surface area, for example1 to 300 mg/m², particularly for irinotecan in a dosage of about 100 to350 mg/m² and for topotecan in about 1 to 2 mg/m² per course oftreatment.

The anti-tumour podophyllotoxin derivative is advantageouslyadministered in a dosage of 30 to 300 mg per square meter (mg/m²) ofbody surface area, for example 50 to 250 mg/m², particularly foretoposide in a dosage of about 35 to 100 mg/m² and for teniposide inabout 50 to 250 mg/m² per course of treatment.

The anti-tumour vinca alkaloid is advantageously administered in adosage of 2 to 30 mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surface area,particularly for vinblastine in a dosage of about 3 to 12 mg/m², forvincristine in a dosage of about 1 to 2 mg/m², and for vinorelbine indosage of about 10 to 30 mg/m² per course of treatment.

The anti-tumour nucleoside derivative is advantageously administered ina dosage of 200 to 2500 mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surfacearea, for example 700 to 1500 mg/m², particularly for 5-FU in a dosageof 200 to 500 mg/m², for gemcitabine in a dosage of about 800 to 1200mg/m² and for capecitabine in about 1000 to 2500 mg/m² per course oftreatment.

The alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustard or nitrosourea isadvantageously administered in a dosage of 100 to 500 mg per squaremeter (mg/m²) of body surface area, for example 120 to 200 mg/m²,particularly for cyclophosphamide in a dosage of about 100 to 500 mg/m²,for chlorambucil in a dosage of about 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg, for carrnustinein a dosage of about 150 to 200 mg/m², and for lomustine in a dosage ofabout 100 to 150 mg/m² per course of treatment.

The anti-tumour anthracycline derivative is advantageously administeredin a dosage of 10 to 75 mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surfacearea, for example 15 to 60 mg/m², particularly for doxorubicin in adosage of about 40 to 75 mg/m², for daunorubicin in a dosage of about 25to 45 mg/m², and for idarubicin in a dosage of about 10 to 15 mg/m² percourse of treatment.

The antiestrogen agent is advantageously administered in a dosage ofabout 1 to 100 mg daily depending on the particular agent and thecondition being treated. Tamoxifen is advantageously administered orallyin a dosage of 5 to 50 mg, preferably 10 to 20 mg twice a day,continuing the therapy for sufficient time to achieve and maintain atherapeutic effect. Toremifene is advantageously administered orally ina dosage of about 60 mg once a day, continuing the therapy forsufficient time to achieve and maintain a therapeutic effect.Anastrozole is advantageously administered orally in a dosage of about 1mg once a day. Droloxifene is advantageously administered orally in adosage of about 20-100 mg once a day. Raloxifene is advantageouslyadministered orally in a dosage of about 60 mg once a day. Exemestane isadvantageously administered orally in a dosage of about 25 mg once aday.

Antibodies are advantageously administered in a dosage of about 1 to 5mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surface area, or as known in theart, if different. Trastuzumab is advantageously administered in adosage of 1 to 5 mg per square meter (mg/m²) of body surface area,particularly 2 to 4 mg/m² per course of treatment.

These dosages may be administered for example once, twice or more percourse of treatment, which may be repeated for example every 7, 14, 21or 28 days.

The compounds of formula (I), the pharmaceutically acceptable acidaddition salts and stereoisomeric forms thereof can have valuablediagnostic properties in that they can be used for detecting oridentifying an p53-MDM2 interaction in a biological sample comprisingdetecting or measuring the formation of a complex between a labelledcompound and/or p53 and/or MDM2 and or other molecules, peptides,proteins, enzymes or receptors.

The detecting or identifying methods can use compounds that are labelledwith labelling agents such as radioisotopes, enzymes, fluorescentsubstances, luminous substances, etc. Examples of the radioisotopesinclude ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, ³H and ¹⁴C. Enzymes are usually made detectable byconjugation of an appropriate substrate which, in turn catalyses adetectable reaction. Examples thereof include, for example,beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidaseand malate dehydrogenase, preferably horseradish peroxidase. Theluminous substances include, for example, luminol, luminol derivatives,luciferin, aequorin and luciferase.

Biological samples can be defined as body tissue or body fluids.Examples of body fluids are cerebrospinal fluid, blood, plasma, serum,urine, sputum, saliva and the like.

The following examples illustrate the present invention.

EXPERIMENTAL PART

Hereinafter, “DCM” is defined as dichloromethane, “DIPE” is defined asdiisopropyl ether, “EtOAc” is defined as ethyl acetate, “EtOH” isdefined as ethanol, “MeOH” is defined as methanol and “THF” is definedas tetrahydrofuran.

Melting Points

For a number of compounds, indicated by (Kofler), melting points wereobtained with a Kofler hot bench, consisting of a heated plate withlinear temperature gradient, a sliding pointer and a temperature scalein degrees Celsius.

LCMS

General Procedure

The HPLC gradient was supplied by an Alliance HT 2795 (Waters) systemcomprising a quaternary pump with degasser, an autosampler and adiode-array detector (DAD). Flow from the column was split to a MSdetector. The MS detector was configured with an clectrospray ionizationsource. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV and the source temperaturewas maintained at 100° C. on the LCT (Time of Flight-Z-spray massspectrometer from Waters. Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer gas. Dataacquisition was performed with a Waters-Micromass MassLynx-Openlynx datasystem.

Method A

In addition to the general procedure: Reversed phase HPLC was carriedout on a Xterra-RP C18 column (5 μm, 3.9×150 mm) with a flow rate of 1.0ml/min at a temperature of 30° C. Two mobile phases (mobile phase A:100% 7 mM ammonium acetate; mobile phase B: 100% acetonitrile; wereemployed to run a gradient condition from 85% A, 15% B (hold for 3minutes) to 20% A, 80% B in 5 minutes, hold at 20% A and 80% B for 6minutes and reequilibrated with initial conditions for 3 minutes. Aninjection volume of 20 μl was used. Cone voltage was 20 V for positiveand negative ionization mode. Mass spectra were acquired by scanningfrom 100 to 900 in 0.8 seconds using an interscan delay of 0.08 seconds.

Method B

In addition to the general procedure: Reversed phase HPLC was carriedout on a Xterra-RP C18 column (5 μm, 3.9×150 mm) with a flow rate of 1.0ml/min at a temperature of 30° C. Two mobile phases (mobile phase A:100% 7 mM ammonium acetate; mobile phase B: 100% acetonitrile; wereemployed to run a gradient condition from 100% A (hold for 1 minutes) to50% A, 50% B in 4 minutes, hold at 50% A and 50% B for 9 minutes andreequilibrated with initial conditions for 3 minutes. An injectionvolume of 20 μl was used. Cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionizationmode and 20 V for negative ionization mode. Mass spectra were acquiredby scanning from 100 to 900 in 0.8 seconds using an interscan delay of0.08 seconds.

A. Preparation of the Intermediate Compounds Example A1 Preparation ofIntermediate 1

A mixture of benzo[b]furan-3-one (400 mg, 0.0029 mol) andN-methoxy-N-methyl(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetamide (1.19 g, 0.0032mol) in xylene (10 ml) was stirred at 135° C. for 35 hours. The reactionwas quenched with water and basified with a saturated solution of sodiumhydrogen-ocarbonate. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc, the organiclayer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent wasevaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography oversilica gel (40-63 μm) (eluent: EtOAc/cyclohexane 50/50). The purefractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 210 mg(32%) of intermediate 1 as a brown oil.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.46 (d, 1H, J=7.1), 7.25 (m,2H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H).

MS (ES+) m/z 220 (M+1).

Example A2 a) Preparation of Intermediate 2

A mixture of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-ethanamine (0.014 mol),1-fluoro-4-nitro-benzene (0.015 mol) and DIPE (0.048 mol) was stirred at210° C. for 30 minutes. DIPE was evaporated. The precipitate wasdissolved in DCM/MeOH. The organic layer was washed with potassiumcarbonate 10%, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated.The residue (2 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel(15-40 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH₄OH 97/3/0.3). The pure fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.152 g (28,%) ofintermediate 2, melting point 201° C. (Kofler).

b) Preparation of Intermediate 3

A mixture of intermediate 2 (0.004 mol) and Raney Nickel (1 g) in MeOH(20 ml) was hydrogenated at room temperature for 2 hours under a 3 barpressure, then filtered over celite. Celite was washed with MeOH. Thefiltrate was evaporated, yielding 0.92 g (100%) of intermediate 3.

Example A3 a) Preparation of Intermediate 4

A mixture of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetonitrile (0.028 mol) andRh/Al₂O₃ 5% (4.5 g) in EtOH (45 ml) and MeOH/NH₃ (12.5 ml) washydrogenated at room temperature for 72 hours under a 3 bar pressure,then filtered over celite. Celite was washed with DCM/EtOH. The filtratewas evaporated. The residue was dissolved in DCM. The organic layer waswashed with potassium carbonate 10%, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and thesolvent was evaporated, yielding: 3.4 g (73%) of intermediate 4.

b) Preparation of Intermediate 5

A mixture of intermediate 4 (0.006 mol), 1-fluoro-4-nitro-benzene (0.007mol) and DIPE (0.021 mol) was heated at 210° C. for 30 minutes. DIPE wasevaporated. The crude oil was diluted in DCM and EtOH (90/10). Theorganic layer was washed with potassium carbonate 10%, dried (MgSO₄),filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1.3 g) waspurified by column chromatography over silica gel (20-45 μm) (eluent:DCM/MeOH 98/2). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated. The residue (0.36 g) was crystallized from acetonitrile. Theprecipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.199 g of intermediate5, melting point 171° C. (Kofler).

c) Preparation of Intermediate 6

A mixture of intermediate 5 (0.003 mol) and Raney Nickel (1 g) in MeOH(20 ml) was hydrogenated at room temperature for 3 hours under a 3 barpressure, then filtered over celite. Celite was washed with MeOH. Thefiltrate was evaporated, yielding 1 g (>100%) of intermediate 6.

Example A4 a) Preparation of Intermediate 7

A mixture of 1-fluoro-4-nitro-benzene (0.0083 mol), 1H-indol-5-amine(0.0076 mol) and DIPE (0.0166 mol) was stirred at 210° C. for 18 hours,then taken up in DCM. The organic layer was washed with hydrochloricacid 3N, then with NaHCO₃, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent wasevaporated. The residue was taken up in EtOH. The precipitate wasfiltered, washed with diethyl ether and dried, yielding 1.08 g (65%) ofintermediate 7, melting point 180° C.

b) Preparation of Intermediate 8

A mixture of intermediate 7 (0.0039 mol) and raney Nickel (1 g) in MeOH(20 ml) was hydrogenated at room temperature for 2 hours under a 3 barpressure, then filtered over celite. Celite was washed with DCM/MeOH.The filtrate was evaporated, yielding 1 g (>100%) of intermediate 8.

Example A5 Preparation of Intermediate 9

1,1′-Carboxyldiimidazole (315 mg, 0.0019 mol) was added dropwise to asolution of (6-methoxy-benzofuran-3-yl)-acetic acid (400 mg, 0.0019 mol)in DCM (10 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.O,N-Dimethyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (190 mg, 0.0019 mol) was addedand the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Thereaction was quenched with ice and basified with a 4N solution of sodiumhydroxide. The mixture was extracted with DCM, the organic layer wasseparated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (40-63 μm)(eluent: EtOAc/cyclohexane 50/50). The pure fractions were collected andthe solvent was evaporated, yielding 410 mg (85%) of intermediate 9 as acolorless oil.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.54 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H,J=6.4), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H).

Example A6 a) Preparation of Intermediate 10

A mixture of (3-iodo-2-thienyl)-carbamic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester(0.0105 mol), 4-bromo-2-butenoic acid, ethyl ester (0.0158 mol) andpotassium carbonate (0.021 mol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 ml) wasstirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Triphenyl-phosphine (0.001mol) and palladium acetate (0.0005 mol) were added. The mixture wasstirred at 70° C. for 8 hours, then washed with water. The organic layerwas separated with EtOAc, dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent was evaporated.The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel(eluent: EtOAc/cyclohexane 10/90), yielding 2.3 g (70%) of intermediate10.

b) Preparation of Intermediate 11

A solution of intermediate 10 (0.0016 mol) in THF (10 ml) was stirred at−78° C. under Argon. A solution of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine HCl (0.0004mol) in THF (40 ml) was stirred at −78° C. under Argon. Butyllithium(1.6M in hexane) (0.016 mol) was added dropwise at −78° C. toN,O-dimethylhydroxylamine HCl (0.0004 mol). The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 20 minutes, then cooled again to −78° C.Intermediate 10 was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at −78° C.for 2 hours, poured out into saturated NH₄Cl at −78° C. and extractedwith EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered andthe solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel (eluent: EtOAc/cyclohexane 10/90 to30/70). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated, yielding 0.4 g (77%) of intermediate 11.

c) Preparation of Intermediate 12

Intermediate 11 (0.0012 mol) was dissolved in DCM and absorbed on silicagel. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 24 hours in vacuo. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent:EtOAc/cyclohexane 80/20). The pure fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated, yielding (62%) of intermediate 12.

d) Preparation of Intermediate 13

Aluminum lithium hydride (0.0008 mol) was added slowly at 0° C. to asolution of intermediate 12 (0.0008 mol) in THF (4 ml, dry). The mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour, poured out on ice, washed with KHSO₄ 5%and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried(MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated, yielding intermediate13. This product was used directly in the next reaction step.

B. Preparation of the Final Compounds Example B1 Preparation of Compound1

A 1N lithium aluminium hydride solution in THF (0.65 ml) was addeddropwise at 0° C. to a suspension of intermediate 1 (162 mg, 0.00065mol) in THF (4 ml). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 0° C. Thereaction was quenched at 0° C. by slow addition of a 5% potassiumbisulfate solution in water and extracted twice with EtOAc. The organiclayer was separated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent wasevaporated to give benzofuran-3-yl-acetaldehyde.

To a solution of N-4-pyridinyl-1,4-benzenediamine in MeOH (3 ml) andacetic acid (4 drops) were added sodium cyanoborohydride (57 mg, 0.00091mol) and the previous aldehyde dissolved in MeOH (1 ml). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The solvent was evaporated,the residual oil taken up in EtOAc and washed with a saturated solutionof sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was separated, dried(MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue waspurified by column chromatography over silica gel (40-63 μm) (eluent:DCM/MeOH 95/5). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated, yielding 41 mg (20%) of compound 1, melting point 152°C.-154° C.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, MeOH-d4) δ 7.98 (d, 2H, J=6.6), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d,1H, J=7.4), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.00 (dd, 2H, J=8.7, J=3.3), 6.68 (m, 4H),3.45 (t, 2H, J=7.2), 2.98 (t, 2H, J=7.2).

MS (ES+) m/z 330 (M+1).

Example B2 Preparation of Compound 2

A mixture of intermediate 3 (0.004 mol) and 4-bromo-pyridinehydrochloride (0.004 mol) in acetic acid (5 ml) was stirred at 140° C.for 15 minutes, then evaporated. The residue was dissolved in DCM/MeOH.The organic layer was washed with potassium carbonate 10%, dried(MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (1 g) waspurified by column chromatography over silica gel (15-40 μm) (eluent:DCM/MeOH/NH₄OH 90/10/1). The pure fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated. The residue (0.74 g, 63%) was crystallized fromacetonitrile. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.541g of compound 2, melting point 182° C. (Kofler).

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.96 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 3.30 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 5.6(1H, br, t, J=7.6 Hz), 6.58 (4H, m), 6.95 (2H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.03 (1H,m), 7.33 (1H, m), 7.96 (1H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 8.03 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz),8.17-8.21 (1H, m), 8.22 (1H, br, s), 11.38 (1H, br, s)

LCMS (ES+) m/z 330 (M+1), R_(t)=7.10, Method A.

Example B3 Preparation of Compound 3

4-Bromo-pyridine hydrochloride (0.004 mol) was added to a solution ofintermediate 6 (0.004 mol) in acetic acid (10 ml). The mixture washeated at 140° C. for 15 minutes in a microwave oven. Acetic acid wasevaporated. The crude oil was dissolved in DCM/EtOH (90/10). The organiclayer was washed with potassium carbonate, dried (MgSO₄), filtered andthe solvent was evaporated. The residue (1 g) was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel (15-40 cm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH₄OH90/10/0.5 to 90/10/1). The pure fractions were collected and the solventwas evaporated, yielding 0.63 g (48%) of compound 3.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 1.75-1.93 (4H, m), 2.65-2.78 (4H, m), 3.32 (2H, s),3.70 (2H, t, J=6.11 Hz), 5.62 (1H, br, t, J=7.6 Hz), 6.58-6.53 (5H, m),6.95 (2H, d, J=7.7 Hz), 8.05 (2H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 8.24 (1H, s)

LCMS (ES+) m/z 334 (M+1), R_(t) 5.18, Method B.

melting point 256° C. (Kofler).

Example B4 Preparation of Compound 4

4-Bromo-pyridine hydrochloride (0.002 mol) was added to a solution ofintermediate 8 (0.0022 mol) in acetic acid (2.8 ml). The mixture washeated at 110° C. for 30 minutes, poured out into ice water and basifiedwith potassium carbonate 10%. The precipitate was filtered off anddried. The residue (0.739 g) was purified by column chromatography overkromasil (5 μm) (eluent: DCM/MeOH/NH₄OH 96/4/0.4 to 88/12/1.2). The purefractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated, yielding 0.018g of compound 4.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 6.32 (1 H, br s), 6.68 (1 H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 6.9 (1 H,dd, J=10.2 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 6.55 (2H, d, J=10.2 Hz), 7.0 (2 H, d, J=10.2Hz), 7.27 (1 H, m), 7.32 (1 H, d, J=10.2 Hz), 7.7 (1 H, br s), 8.17 (1H, dd, J=10.2 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 8.37 (1H, br s), 10.9 (1 H, br s).

LCMS (ES+) m/z 301 (M+1), R_(t) 7.73, Method A.

Example B5 Preparation of Compound 5

A 1N lithium aluminium hydride solution in THF (1.0 ml) was addeddropwise at 0° C. to a suspension of intermediate 9 (249 mg, 0.0010mol). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 0° C. The reaction wasquenched at 0° C. by slow addition of a 5% potassium bisulfate solutionin water and extracted twice with EtOAc. The organic layer wasseparated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated togive the (6-methoxy-benzofuran-3-yl)-acetaldehyde.

To a solution of N-4-pyridinyl-1,4-benzenediamine in MeOH (5 ml) andacetic acid (5 drops) were added sodium cyanoborohydride (90 mg, 0.0014mol) and the previous aldehyde dissolved in MeOH (1 ml). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The solvent was evaporated,the residual oil taken up in EtOAc and washed with a saturated solutionof sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was separated, dried(MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was washedwith MeOH and dried, yielding 125 mg (34%) of compound 5, melting point184° C.-186° C.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.01 (dd, 2H, J=6.3, J=1.5),7.71 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H, J=8.5), 7.14 (d, 1H, J=2.1), 6.92 (d, 2H,J=8.6), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=8.5, J=2.2), 6.58 (m, 4H), 5.64 (t, 1H, J=5.6),3.77 (s, 3H), 3.30 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.48 (t, 2H, J=7.0).

MS (ES+) m/z 360 (M+1).

Example B6 Preparation of Compound 6

Acetic acid (few drops), then intermediate 13 (0.0004 mol) were addeddropwise to a solution of N-4-pyridinyl-1,4-benzenediamine (0.0008 mol)and sodiumcyanoborohydride (0.001 mol) in MeOH (4 ml). Intermediate 13(0.0004 mol) was dissolved in MeOH (4 ml). The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 20 hours, poured out into water, washed withsaturated NaHCO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer wasseparated, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent:DCM/MeOH 85/15). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated, yielding 0.086 g (34%) of compound 6.

Table F-1 lists the compounds that were prepared in one of the aboveexamples.

TABLE F-1

Co. No. 1; Ex. [B1]; mp. 152° C.-154° C.

Co. No. 2; Ex. [B2]; mp. 182° C.

Co. No. 3; Ex. [B3]; mp. 256° C.

Co. No. 4; Ex. [B4]

Co. No. 5; Ex. [B5]; mp. 184° C.-186° C.

Co. No. 6; Ex. [B6]

C. Pharmacological Example

The capacity of the compounds to preserve p53 in A2780 cells wasmeasured with the p53 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The p53 assayis a “sandwich” enzyme immunoassay employing two polyclonal antibodies.A polyclonal antibody, specific for the p53 protein, has beenimmobilized onto the surface of the plastic wells. Any p53 present inthe sample to be assayed will bind to the capture antibody. Thebiotinylated detector polyclonal antibody also recognizes p53 protein,and will bind to any p53, which has been retained by the captureantibody. The detector antibody, in turn, is bond by horseradishperoxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The horseradish peroxidase catalysesthe conversion of the chromogenic substrate o-phenylene diamine, theintensity of which is proportional to the amount of p53 protein bond tothe plate. The colored reaction product is quantified using aspectrophotometer. Quantitation is achieved by the construction of astandard curve using known concentrations of purified recombinant HIStagged p53 protein (see example C.1.).

Cellular activity of the compounds of formula (I) was determined onU87MG tumour cells using a colorimetric assay for cell toxicity orsurvival (see example C.2).

U87MG cells are human glioblastoma cells with wild type p53. In thiscell line MDM2 tightly controls p53 expression.

C.1. p53 ELISA

A2780 cells (ATCC) were cultivated in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10%fetal calf serum (FCS), 2 mM L-glutamine and gentamycin at 37° C. in ahumidified incubator with 5% CO₂.

A2780 cells were seeded at 20.000 cells per well in a 96 well plate,cultured for 24 hours and treated with compound for 16 hours at 37° C.in a humidified incubator. After incubation, the cells were washed oncewith phosphate-buffered saline and 30 μl, per well, low salt RIPA buffer(20 mM tris, pH7.0, 0.5 mM EDTA, 1% Nonidet P40, 0.5% DOC, 0.05% SDS, 1mM PMSF, 1 μg/ml aprotinin and 0.5 μ/ml leupeptin) was added. Plateswere placed on ice for 30 minutes to complete the lysis. p53 protein wasdetected in de lysates by using the sandwich ELISA, described below.

High binding polystyrene EIA/RIA 96 well plates (Costar 9018) werecoated with the capture antibody pAb1801 (Abeam ab28-100) at aconcentration of 1 μg/ml in coating buffer (0.1 M NaHCO₃ pH8.2), 50 μlper well. The antibody was allowed to adhere overnight at 4° C. Coatedplates were washed once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/0.05% Tween20 and 300 μl of blocking buffer (PBS, 1% bovine serum albumins (BSA))was added, for an incubation period of 2 hours at room temperature.Dilutions of purified recombinant HIS tagged p53 protein, ranging from3-200 ng/ml, were made in blocking buffer and used as standards.

Plates were washed twice with PBS/0.05% Tween 20 and blocking buffer orstandards were added at 80 μl/well. To the standards, 20 μl of lysisbuffer was added. The samples were added to the other wells at 20 μllysate/well. After an overnight incubation at 4° C., plates were washedtwice with PBS/0.05% Tween 20. Aliquots of 100 μl secondary polyclonalantibody p53(FL-393) (Tebubio, sc-6243) at a concentration of 1 μg/ml inblocking buffer were added to each well and allowed to adhere for 2hours at room temperature. Plates were washed three times with PBS/0.05% Tween 20. Detection antibody anti-rabbit HRP (sc-2004, Tebubio)at 0.04 μg/ml in PBS/1% BSA was added and incubated for 1 hour at roomtemperature. Plates were washed three times with PBS/0.05% Tween 20 and100 μl of substrate buffer was added (substrate buffer was preparedshortly before use by adding 1 tablet of 10 mg o-phenylene diamine (OPD)from Sigma and 125 μl 3% H₂O₂ to 25 ml OPD buffer: 35 mM citric acid, 66mM Na₂HPO₄, pH5.6). After 5 to 10 minutes, colour reaction was stoppedby adding 50 μl stop buffer (1 M H₂SO₄) per well. The absorbance at dualwavelengths of 490/655 nm was measured using a Biorad micro plate readerand the results were then analyzed.

For each experiment, controls (containing no drug) and a blankincubation (containing no cells or drugs) were run in parallel. Theblank value was subtracted from all control and sample values. For eachsample, the value of p53 (in absorbance units) was expressed as thepercentage of the value for p53 present in the control. Percentagepreservation higher than 140% was defined as significant. Herein theeffects of test compounds are, expressed as the lowest dose giving atleast 140% of the value for p53 present in the control (LAD) (see tableF-2).

C.2. Proliferation Assay

All compounds tested were dissolved in DMSO and further dilutions weremade in culture medium. Final DMSO concentrations never exceeded 0.1%(v/v) in cell proliferation assays. Controls contained U87MG cells andDMSO without compound and blanks contained DMSO but no cells.

U87MG cells were seeded in 96-well cell culture plates at 3000cells/well/100 μl. 24 hours later, medium was changed and compoundand/or solvent were added to a final volume of 200 μl. Following 4 daysof incubation, medium was replaced by 200 μl fresh medium and cellgrowth was assessed using a MTT-based assay. Therefore, 25 μl of the MTTsolution (0.5% MTT research grade from Serva in phosphate-bufferedsaline ) was added to each well and the cells were further incubated for2 hours at 37° C. The medium was then carefully aspirated and the blueMTT-formazan product was dissolved by adding to each well 25 μl 0.1Mglycin and 100 μl DMSO. The plates were shaken for another 10 min on amicro plate shaker before reading absorbance at 540 nm by a Biorad microplate reader.

Within an experiment, the results for each experimental condition arethe mean of 3 replicate wells. For initial screening purposes, compoundswere tested at a single fixed concentration of 10⁻⁵ M. For activecompounds, the experiments were repeated to establish fullconcentration-response curves. For each experiment, controls (containingno drug) and a blank incubation (containing no cells or drugs) were runin parallel. The blank value was subtracted from all control and samplevalues. For each sample, the mean value for cell growth (in absorbanceunits) was expressed as a percentage of the mean value for cell growthof the control. When appropriate, IC₅₀-values (concentration of thedrug, needed to reduce cell growth to 50% of the control) were computedusing probit analysis for graded data (Finney, D. J., Probit Analyses,2^(nd) Ed. Chapter 10, Graded Responses, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge 1962). Herein the effects of test compounds are expressed aspIC₅₀ (the negative log value of the IC₅₀-value) (see table F-2).

In some of the experiments the proliferation assay was adapted for andused in 384-well culture plates (see table F-2).

TABLE F-2 Table F-2 lists the results of the compounds that were testedaccording to example C.1 and C.2. cell cell A2780 proliferationproliferation Co p53-elisa pIC₅₀ pIC₅₀ No LAD 384 well 96 well 1 1.0E−055.49 2 3.0E−06 5.36 3 3.0E−06 5.15 4 1.0E−06 5.85 5 1.0E−05 5.35 61.0E−05 <5

D. Composition Example Film-Coated Tablets Preparation of Tablet Core

A mixture of 100 g of a compound of formula (I), 570 g lactose and 200 gstarch is mixed well and thereafter humidified with a solution of 5 gsodium dodecyl sulphate and 10 g polyvinyl-pyrrolidone in about 200 mlof water. The wet powder mixture is sieved, dried and sieved again. Thenthere is added 100 g microcrystalline cellulose and 15 g hydrogenatedvegetable oil. The whole is mixed well and compressed into tablets,giving 10.000 tablets, each comprising 10 mg of a compound of formula(I).

Coating

To a solution of 10 g methyl cellulose in 75 ml of denaturated ethanolthere is added a solution of 5 g of ethyl cellulose in 150 ml ofdichloromethane. Then there are added 75 ml of dichloromethane and 2.5ml 1,2,3-propanetriol 10 g of polyethylene glycol is molten anddissolved in 75 ml of dichloromethane. The latter solution is added tothe former and then there are added 2.5 g of magnesium octadecanoate, 5g of polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and 30 ml of concentrated colour suspensionand the whole is homogenated. The tablet cores are coated with the thusobtained mixture in a coating apparatus.

1. A compound of formula (I),

a N-oxide form, an addition salt or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein m is 0, 1, or 2 and when m is 0 then a direct bond is intended; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and when n is 0 then a direct bond is intended; p is 0, or 1 and when p is 0 then a direct bond is intended; s is 0, or 1 and when s is 0 then a direct bond is intended; t is 0 or 1 and when t is 0 then a direct bond is intended; R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyloxy, phenylthio, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl substituted with a substituent selected from amino, aryl and heteroaryl; or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with a substituent selected from amino, aryl and heteroaryl; A is a radical selected from

wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano, cyanoC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, amino, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, methylsulfonylamino, aryl or heteroaryl; Z is a radical selected from

wherein R⁶ or R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, amino, C₁₋₆alkyl, nitro, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, cyano, cyanoC₁₋₆alkyl, tetrazoloC₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl, aryl(hydroxy)C₁₋₆alkyl, heteroaryl(hydroxy)C₁₋₆alkyl, arylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, arylC₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, heteroarylC₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, C₃₋₇cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl(hydroxy)C₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonylC₂₋₆alkenyl C₁₋₆alkyloxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyloxy, aminocarbonyl, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, aminoC₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxycarbonylC₁₋₆alkyl and —(CH₂)_(v)—(C(═O)_(r))—(CHR¹⁰)_(u)—NR⁸R⁹; wherein v is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and when v is 0 then a direct bond is intended; r is 0, or 1 and when r is 0 then a direct bond is intended; u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and when u is 0 then a direct bond is intended; R¹⁰ is hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyl; R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, arylC₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylcarbonyl, —(CH₂)_(k)—NR¹¹R¹², C₁₋₂alkyl substituted with a substituent selected from hydroxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl or heteroaryl; or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with a substituent selected from hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl, amino, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl; or R⁸ and R⁹ together with the nitrogen to which they are attached can optionally form a morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, or piperazinyl substituted with a substituent selected from C₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl and C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₆alkyl; wherein k is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 and when k is 0 then a direct bond is intended  R¹¹ and R¹² are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆alkyl, arylC₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₁₋₁₂alkyl substituted with a substituent selected from hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl, and heteroaryl;  and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with a substituent selected from hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyloxy, aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heteroaryl, and  heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl; or  R¹¹ and R¹² together with the nitrogen to which they are attached can optionally form a morpholinyl, a piperazinyl or a piperazinyl substituted with C₁₋₆alkyloxycarbonyl; aryl is phenyl or naphthalenyl; each phenyl or naphthalenyl can optionally be substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxy, hydroxyC₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkyl, amino, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl and C₁₋₆alkyloxy; and each phenyl or naphthalenyl can optionally be substituted with a bivalent radical selected from methylenedioxy and ethylenedioxy; heteroaryl is pyridinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl or tetrahydrofuranyl; each pyridinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl can optionally be substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, amino, polyhaloC₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl or C₁₋₆alkyloxy; and each pyridinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, benzofuranyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl can optionally be substituted with a bivalent radical selected from methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy.
 2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein; m is 0; n is 0 or 2; p is 1; s is 0; t is 0; R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen; A is a radical selected from (a-15), (a-21), (a-30), (a-39) or (a-40); R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyloxy; Z is the radical (b-2); or R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen.
 3. A compound according to claim 1 wherein m is 0; n is 2; p is 1; s is 0; t is 0; R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen; A is a radical selected from (a-21), (a-39) or (a-40); R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyloxy; Z is the radical (b-2); or R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen.
 4. A compound selected from the group consisting of:


5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and as an active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as claimed in claim
 1. 6. A process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and a compound as claimed in claim 1 are intimately mixed.
 7. A method of treating in a subject a disorder mediated by a p53-MDM2 interaction comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the disorder is tumour growth.
 8. A combination of an anti-cancer agent and a compound according to claim
 1. 9. A process for preparing a compound as claimed in claim 1, said process comprising the steps of: a) reacting an intermediate of formula (II) with an intermediate of formula (III) wherein W is an appropriate leaving group,

b) converting an intermediate of formula (IV) into compounds of formula (I), wherein p is 1, herein referred to as compounds of formula (I-a), in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride in a suitable solvent,

c) reacting an appropriate carboxaldehyde of formula (VI), with an intermediate of formula (V), in the presence of an appropriate reagent, in a suitable solvent,

d) reacting an intermediate of formula (II) with an appropriate carboxaldehyde of formula (VII) with the formation of a compound of formula (I), wherein t is 1, herein referred to as compounds of formula (I-b), or

e) reacting an intermediate of formula (VIII) with lithium aluminum hydride in a suitable solvent, with the formation of a compound of formula (I), wherein s is 1, herein referred to as compounds of formula (I-c).


10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and as an active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as claimed in claim
 4. 11. A process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and a compound as claimed in claim 4 are intimately mixed.
 12. A method of treating in a subject a disorder mediated by a p53-MDM2 interaction comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 4 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the disorder is tumour growth.
 13. A combination of an anti-cancer agent and a compound according to claim
 4. 14. A compound according to claim 2 wherein m is 0; n is 2; p is 1; s is 0; t is 0; R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen; A is a radical selected from (a-21), (a-39) or (a-40); R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₆alkyloxy; Z is the radical (b-2); or R⁶ and R⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen.
 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and as an active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as claimed in claim
 14. 16. A process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and a compound as claimed in claim 14 are intimately mixed.
 17. A method of treating in a subject a disorder mediated by a p53-MDM2 interaction comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 14 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the disorder is tumour growth. 